It would be good to describe your project and why you are looking towards or thinking of number conversions.
Conversion between decimal, binary, and/or hexadecimal is really a state of the human mind. The PICAXE chips (and I might suggest virtually all other microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc) store number as binary, irrespective of how humans think of the number. Even BCD is just two 4-bit binary numbers in a byte rather than one 8-bit number.
Have a look at the number conversion chart I created some time ago at post 20 here:
http://www.picaxeforum.co.uk/showthread.php?t=10893&page=2
AS mentioned, within the byte variables, the number is stored in decimal irrespective of whether you assign it as:
Binary using the (%) operator), eg . . . %xxxxxxxx
Hexadecimal using the ($) operator, eg . . . $FFFF
Decimal with no prefix , eg . . . 255 or 65535